Natural Product Domain Seeker
NaPDoS2 Features
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| Please check out our quick start page for instructions on how to run analyses and interpret results. More details and a complete tutorial are provided in our full documentation file (right-click link to download). |
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If you find NaPDoS useful for your work, please cite: |
What Are Natural Products?
Natural products are specialized organic compounds produced by living organisms. They are generally not considered essential for normal growth or reproduction but instead have ecological functions related to communication, defense, competition, and reproduction among others. Natural products are an important source of medicines including antibiotics and anticancer agents (Li and Vederas 2009) and were traditionally discovered using bioassays to guide their isolation. Ready access to DNA sequence data, coupled with a better understanding of the genetic basis of natural product biosynthesis, has created opportunities to develop sequence-based approaches to natural product discovery (Zerikly et al. 2009; Blin et al. 2021).
Polyketide Synthases and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases
PKS and NRPS BGCs account for many of the most important natural products discovered to date (Fischbach and Walsh 2006). The enzymes encoded by these BGCs assemble polyketides and nonribosomal peptides from simple carboxylic acid and amino acid building blocks, respectively. KS and C domains play critical roles in the assembly process by covalently joining extender units in polyketide biosynthesis and catalyzing peptide bond formation in non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. Importantly, KS and C domain phylogenies have proven highly informative of PKS and NRPS organization and function (Rausch et al. 2007; Jenke-Kodama and Dittmann 2009; Jenke-Kodama et al. 2005; Metsa-Ketela et al. 2002). These phylogeny based predictions form the basis of the NaPDoS2 classification scheme (Ziemert et al. 2012; Klau et al. 2022).
Additional references
- Blin K, Shaw S, Kloosterman AM, Charlop-Powers Z, van Wezel GP, Medema MH, & Weber T. (2021). antiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities. Nucleic Acids Research 49.W1 (2021): W29-W35.
- Fischbach MA, Walsh CT (2006) Assembly-line enzymology for polyketide and nonribosomal Peptide antibiotics: logic, machinery, and mechanisms. Chem Rev 106, 3468-3496.
- Jenke-Kodama H, Dittmann E (2009) Evolution of metabolic diversity: Insights from microbial polyketide synthases. Phytochemistry 70.15-16 (2009): 1858-1866.
- Jenke-Kodama H, Sandmann A, Mueller R, Dittmann E. (2005) Evolutionary implications of bacterial polyketide synthases. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:2027-2039.
- Klau LJ, Podell S, Creamer KE, Demko AM, Singh HW, Allen EE, Moore BS, Ziemert N, Letzel AC, Jensen PR. (2022) The Natural Product Domain Seeker version 2 (NaPDoS2) webtool relates ketosynthase phylogeny to biosynthetic function. Journal of Biological Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102480.
- Li JW, Vederas JC. (2009) Drug discovery and natural products: end of an era or an endless frontier? Science 325, 161-165.
- Metsä-Ketelä, M, Halo, L, Munukka, E, Hakala, J, Mäntsälä, P, & Ylihonko, K (2002). Molecular evolution of aromatic polyketides and comparative sequence analysis of polyketide ketosynthase and 16S ribosomal DNA genes from various Streptomyces species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(9), 4472-4479.
- Rausch C, Hoof I, Weber T, Wohlleben W, and Huson DH. (2007) Phylogenetic analysis of condensation domains in NRPS sheds light on their functional evolution. BMC Evol Biol 7:78.
- Ziemert N, Podell S, Penn K, Badger JH, Allen E, Jensen PR The Natural Product Domain Seeker NaPDoS: A Phylogeny Based Bioinformatic Tool to Classify Secondary Metabolite Gene Diversity. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e34064.
- Zerikly M, Challis GL (2009) Strategies for the discovery of new natural products by genome mining. ChemBioChem 10, 625-633.
